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MEXICO CITY (Reuters) – Carlos Fuentes, one of the most famous writers of Latin America and fierce critic of the government in Mexico and the United States, died on Tuesday after a literary career spanning more than five decades. He was 83rd

Fuentes has written over 20 novels and several collections of short stories. His best known novels include "The Death of Artemio Cruz," "The Old Gringo" and "The Crystal Frontier."

"The Old Gringo" was the first bestseller in the U.S. by a Mexican author, and was made into a film in 1989 with Gregory Peck and Jane Fonda.

Usually divides his time between London and Mexico, and literature dovetail Fuentes social commentary and politics. He remained active and energetic at the end, and was working on a new book.

With his compatriot Octavio Paz, Colombia, Peru and Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, Fuentes, Latin American literature to a global audience in the second half of the 20th Century. His work has been translated into 20 languages.

"He has an immense work, which is a testament to all the major political and cultural realities of our time," wrote Fuentes Vargas Llosa said in a Twitter message on behalf of his daughter.

Local media said Fuentes died in a hospital in Mexico City after suffering a hemorrhage at home, although some heart problems originally reported.

Born in Panama in 1928, Fuentes spent most of his early years in the U.S., Chile and Argentina, after his father's diplomatic posts. He went to law school and published his first novel at the age of 30 years.

A dapper dresser, elegant public speaker was an outspoken critic of Fuentes in the political system in Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party, which ruled the country for 71 years before he was ousted in 2000 elections, rooted in the year.

He was also a frequent criticism of the role of the United States in the civil wars in Central America in the 1980s and castigated the impact of U.S. immigration policy on Mexican migrant workers in their mid-1990's novel "La Frontera de Cristal" (The Crystal Frontier).

"They know they need Mexican labor migrants to go without their crops, services, and many aspects of life in the ruin," said Fuentes, and once called the U.S. policy is a farce.

Mexican President Felipe Calderon and other political and cultural leaders also a tribute to Fuentes, the remains of the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City on Wednesday, paid off people to pay their last respects to be found.

"I deeply regret the death of our beloved and admired Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer and universal," Calderon wrote on his Twitter account.

"Carlos Fuentes, one of the most brilliant writers of the twentieth century in Mexico was" Mexican writer Enrique Krauze and essayist said.

PROLIFIC

The most productive Fuentes said he had never suffered from writer's block. He told the Spanish newspaper El Pais on a recent visit to Buenos Aires he had just finished a book, and began already to another.

"My system is to stay young, work hard, always have a project on fire," he said in an interview on Monday. "Here in my books, my wife, my friends and my loved ones, I have many reasons to live on."

Fuentes also wrote plays and essays and has several years as a Mexican diplomat, mainly in Europe.

He won major literary awards, including Spain, Cervantes sought, although the Nobel Prize eluded him.

His critical eye at work was the beginning of his career.

His first novel in 1958, "the transparent region mas" (where the air is clear), was not only a view of life in Mexico City, now, ironically, one of the most polluted cities in the world. He also examined how the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917 was created a new elite and rich, but nothing for the poor and the indigenous masses.

Fuentes said he had always wanted a writer of stories about Mexico, said to be inspired by his grandmother about him.

"I think I became a writer because I have heard these stories – all the stories that I did not know, Mexico, about my own country," he said in an interview in 2006 with the Academy of Achievement, a U.S. group which highlights the work of leaders in various fields.

"They were the emporium of the great stories of migrants, the revolution, armed robbery, the bandits, love relationships, opportunities, dressing, eating – they had the business all the past in their minds and hearts."

Fuentes is by his wife, journalist and TV presenter Silvia Lemus, and a daughter. His two other children died before him.

(Additional reporting by Michael O'Boyle and Krista Hughes, edited by Krista Hughes Written by Kieran Murray and Paul Simao)